石油物流行业分析（五）

　　在上文中已经介绍了物流行业的主要特色，以及详细介绍了物流上游、中游这两个环节的运输流程以及各个环节运输特点中的相同性和不同性，在本文中小编将主要介绍物流下游环节，涉及到油品的销售和终端运输。

　　我们通过石油天然气集团有限公司官网的销售额可以发现在2022年国内成品油销售量11735.8（万吨）、国内加油站数量21783（座）；在2022年国内成品油销售量11959.4（万吨）、国内加油站数量22365（座）；在2020年国内成品油销售量10650.7（万吨）、国内加油站数量21783（座）。虽然近三年受到疫情的冲击，但是我国的石油销售量以及加油站的数量在稳步上升。这也表示石油下游物流对石油行业中的汽油、柴油等燃料的供应具有重要作用。

　　石油行业多在中游阶段将成品油运输到各市、各省对应的油库中，而石油下游行业，多为与末端加油站建立合作，通过约定每日需求量，再由配送中心集中调度对各个加油站进行配送，由于加油站地理位置的限制，成品油运输为油罐车运输，在节假日等用车高峰期加油站对成品油的需求远远超过平常，这就要求配送中心提前预测加油站的需求，保证加油站不出现断货的状况。

　　但由于成品油存在易燃、易爆、易腐蚀的品质，导致储存需要专业的装置，这也导致加油站无法存储较大量的成品油，同时由于运输的危险性，司机不能熬夜运输，这也导致调度中心需要更加合理、更加灵活的根据路况、加油站需求进行安排。

　　石油行业下游的运输与上游、中游相比具有更加灵活的需求与调度，所以下游会运用更多的物流相关知识，又由于下游是最接近消费者的一环，所以这对石油物流的服务也提出了新的要求。

　　In the above, the main characteristics of the logistics industry have been introduced, and the transportation processes of the upstream and midstream links of the logistics and the similarities and differences in the transportation characteristics of each link have been introduced in detail. In this article, the editor will mainly introduce the downstream logistics The link involves the sales and terminal transportation of oil products.

　　Through the sales of the official website of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Group Co., Ltd., we can find that the domestic sales of refined oil in 2022 were 1,1735.8 (10,000 tons), and the number of domestic gas stations was 21,783 (seats); in 2022, the domestic sales of refined oil were 119.594 (10,000 tons), The number of domestic gas stations is 22,365 (seats); in 2020, the sales volume of domestic refined oil products is 106.507,000 (ten thousand tons), and the number of domestic gas stations is 21,783 (seats). Despite the impact of the epidemic in the past three years, my country's oil sales and the number of gas stations have steadily increased. This also means that the downstream logistics of petroleum plays an important role in the supply of gasoline, diesel and other fuels in the petroleum industry.

　　The petroleum industry mostly transports refined oil to the corresponding oil depots in various cities and provinces in the midstream stage, while the downstream petroleum industry mostly establishes cooperation with terminal gas stations. By agreeing on the daily demand, the distribution center centrally dispatches each gas station For distribution, due to the geographical restriction of the gas station, the transportation of refined oil is carried by tanker trucks. The demand for refined oil at gas stations during peak periods such as holidays and other holidays is far more than usual. This requires the distribution center to predict the demand of gas stations in advance. , To ensure that the gas station does not appear out of stock.

　　However, due to the flammable, explosive, and corrosive quality of refined oil, specialized equipment is required for storage. This also causes the gas station to be unable to store a large amount of refined oil. At the same time, due to the danger of transportation, the driver cannot stay up late for transportation. As a result, the dispatch center needs to be more reasonable and flexible in making arrangements according to road conditions and gas station needs.

　　Compared with the upstream and midstream transportation, the downstream transportation of the petroleum industry has more flexible demand and scheduling, so the downstream will use more logistics-related knowledge, and because the downstream is the link closest to the consumer, this is also the service of petroleum logistics. Put forward new requirements.

　　参考资料：文字：百度百科；中国石油天然气集团有限公司官网 图片：百度；中国石油天然气集团有限公司官网；翻译：GooGle翻译.本文由LearningYard新学苑原创，部分图片来自网络，如有侵权请联系